a–c Climatology of observed annual TCGF in the WNP over 1980–2014 derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC; a), the China Meteorological Administration (CMA; b) and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; c). Unit:1. d Time series of annual TC numbers in WNP derived from JTWC (black), CMA (green) and JMA (blue). The dashed region … Read more
The microstructure of as-deposited and annealed Cu films. STEM image of (a–c,) as-deposited ≈27 nm PVD, ≈44 nm PVD-EP, and ≈118 PVD films, respectively. The morphology of these films after annealing at 500 °C is shown in (d–f). The micrographs show the representative area of the as-deposited and annealed films. The grain size distribution of both … Read more
This schematic illustrates the key processes involved in the aggregation of nanoplastics (NPs) and natural organic matter (NOMs). The image highlights weak interactions, surface reactivity, and calcium ion (Ca²⁺) bridging, alongside a dynamic simulation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions driving the formation of NOM-NP aggregates. Credit: Eco-Environment & Health (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.08.004 Nanoplastics, emerging as … Read more
A team of researchers at the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society in Berlin, the Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute/Hamad Bin Khalifa University, the synchrotrons PETRA III in Hamburg and SOLEIL in Gif-sur-Yvette (France), the Sorbonne University in Paris, the ETH Zurich, and the PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Science (Switzerland) … Read more
In economics, hypothesis testing is a crucial component of empirical research. It allows economists to assess whether their theoretical assumptions about economic relationships hold when tested against real-world data. From understanding the effects of policy changes to evaluating market behaviors, hypothesis testing provides a structured way to test predictions and draw meaningful conclusions about economic … Read more